Canaletto was a skilled artist; he was
trained as a scene painter and spent decades drawing and painting
views of Venice, recording details of the city with amazing precision.
Some art historians think he might have used a camera obscura, a box
fitted with a lens at one end and a mirror on the other that reflects
an image onto the canvas.
Camera Obscura
Image Courtesy Dr. Russell Naughton, Adventures in Cybersound,
http://www.acmi.net.au/AIC/CAMERA_OBSCURA.html
Canaletto's paintings are so accurate that researchers studying
climate change have used them to estimate the rate of change in
the water level of the Venetian lagoon.